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Impact of electromagnetic radiation exposure during pregnancy on embryonic skeletal development in rats
Ali Saeed H Alchalabi1, Erkihun Aklilu2, Abd Rahman Aziz2, Hasliza Rahim3, Suzanna H Ronald3, Mohd F Malek4, Mohd Azam Khan2
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UMK City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag36, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Veterinary Medicine College, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UMK City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag36, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
3 School of Electrical System Engineering, University Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
4 University of Wollongong, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Correspondence Address:
Ali Saeed H Alchalabi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UMK City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag36, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.12980/apjr.6.20170302
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Objective: To evaluate the teratogenic effect of mobile phone radiation exposure during pregnancy on embryonic skeletal development at the common used mobile phone frequency in our environment. Methods: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into three experiment groups; control and two exposed groups (1 h/day, 2 h/day exposure groups) (n=20/ each group) and exposed to whole body radiation during gestation period from day 1- day 20. Electromagnetic radiofrequency signal generator was used to generate 1 800 MHz GSM-like signals at specific absorption rate value 0.974 W/kg. Animals were exposed during experiment in an especial designed Plexiglas box (60 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm). At the end of exposure duration at day 20 of pregnancy animals were sacrificed and foetuses were removed, washed with normal saline and processed to Alizarin red and Alcian blue stain. Skeleton specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and skeleton’s snaps were being carefully captured by built in camera fixed on the stereo microscope. Results: Intrauterine exposure to electromagnetic radiation lead to variation in degree of ossification, mineralization, formation of certain parts of the skeleton majorly in head and lesser in other parts. Deformity and absence of formation of certain bones in the head, ribs, and coccygeal vertebrae were recorded in skeleton of foetuses from exposed dams compare to control group. Conclusions: The electromagnetic radiation exposure during pregnancy alter the processes of bone mineralization and the intensity of bone turnover processes, and thus impact embryonic skeleton formation and development directly.
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